Latest news with #Adam Brumm
Yahoo
08-08-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Signs of million-year-old ancient humans found in Indonesia
Archaeologists have found stone tools that could have been used by early humans more than one million years ago. The artefacts—discovered under a corn field on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi—suggest that ancient humans may have inhabited the region 800,000 years earlier than previously known. But, according to the study's co-author Professor Adam Brumm, how these ancient humans even got to Sulawesi remains a mystery. Professor Brumm told Yahoo News Australia, 'I think it's more likely that [they got there by] some freak geological event, involving hominoids being washed out to sea by a tsunami from mainland Asia, and clinging to floating trees. 'Other species, including rats, monkeys, and even early elephants, have also conquered new islands by sea.' While the stone tools themselves couldn't be directly dated, researchers were able to calculate that the age of the sediments and pig fossil that surrounded the tools were between 1.04 and 1.48 million years old. Video transcript Archaeologists have found stone tools that could have been used by early humans more than 1 million years ago. The artefacts discovered under a cornfield on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi suggest that ancient humans may have inhabited the region 800,000 years earlier than previously known. But according to the study's co-author, Professor Adam Brum, how these ancient humans even got to Sulawesi remains a mystery. Professor Brum told Yahoo News Australia, I think it's more likely that they got there by some freak geological event involving hominoids being washed out to sea by a tsunami from mainland Asia and clinging to floating trees. Other species, including rats, monkeys, and even early elephants have also conquered new islands by sea. While the stone tools themselves couldn't be directly dated, researchers were able to calculate that the age of the sediments and pig fossil that surrounded the tools were between 1.04 and 1.48 million years old.
ABC News
06-08-2025
- Science
- ABC News
Ancient stone tools suggest early humans inhabited Sulawesi more than a million years ago
Ancient humans lived on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi at least a million years ago — 800,000 years earlier than previously known — according to stone tools found under a corn field. The artefacts, which were unveiled today in the journal Nature, may even be up to 1.48 million years old. But exactly which ancient human species left the tools, or even how they managed to get there in the first place, is a mystery. Griffith University archaeologist and study co-author Adam Brumm said the previous oldest evidence of humans in Sulawesi was 194,000-year-old stone tools, also found by his team. "We'd always suspected that we would eventually find much older evidence for a human presence on the island," Professor Brumm said. "And now we finally have." The tools were excavated from a site near the town of Soppeng, in southern Sulawesi. Professor Brumm said Indonesian archaeologist Budianto Hakim, the study's lead author, had long suspected the site would be a good spot to excavate because there were well-preserved fossils on the surface, suggesting more might be below. From 2019 to 2022, the team found seven stone artefacts just 1.4 metres into the soil alongside an ancient pig fossil. The tools were shaped in a way that suggested an intelligent craftsperson, Professor Brumm said. "There's no other type of creature that is able to reliably fracture stones by hitting them at the right angle and the exact amount of force required to induce that stone to fracture in a specific way," he said. The tools themselves could not be directly dated, but the researchers could calculate the age of the sediments and the pig fossil surrounding the tools. They used two techniques: "palaeomagnetic dating", which involves studying magnetic elements in sediments to see how they aligned with historic shifts in the Earth's magnetic field, and "uranium-coupled electron spin resonance" dating, which looked at tiny amounts of uranium in the fossilised pig teeth. These dating techniques suggested the tools were 1.04 to 1.48 million years old. While this new discovery moves Sulawesi's human habitation timeline way back, neighbouring islands have also yielded signs of human occupation from a similar period. On Luzon, directly to the north of Sulawesi in the modern-day Philippines, archaeologists have found 700,000-year-old stone tools and 500,000-year-old bones from an ancient species dubbed Homo luzonensis. Meanwhile Flores, directly to the south, is home to the famous Homo floresiensis, or "hobbit". The earliest evidence of Flores' occupation dates back to 1.02 million years ago. At the same time, Java, to the west, was home to Homo erectus, an ancestor of modern humans that died out just over 100,000 years ago. Given the surrounding islands' evidence, Andy Herries, an archaeologist at La Trobe University who wasn't involved in the new research, said the Sulawesi find was interesting but not unexpected. But, he said, the presence of ancient humans on all of these islands raised a "curious question": how did these early humans get there? While Java was connected to the mainland at the time, thanks to lower sea levels during an ice age, Sulawesi and the other islands were still separated by deep water. "We don't think, a million years ago, that [early human species] had the technology to make boats," Professor Herries said. "It is something that I do muse about quite a bit." One thing is certain: the find pre-dates the emergence of our own species, Homo sapiens, by at least 700,000 years. This means the people who left these tools behind weren't modern humans. Without fossilised remains, such as bones and teeth, Professor Brumm said it was difficult to tell what sort of early human made the million-year-old Sulawesi tools. "We suspect that they were the species Homo erectus," he said. "We suspect that these Homo erectus were somehow able to get across from the edge of mainland Asia, across the very significant water gap, to Sulawesi." The toolmakers could also be a species that evolved from a Homo erectus population isolated on Sulawesi, like the hobbits of Flores. Professor Herries agreed that Homo erectus was a possible candidate, but given there wasn't direct fossil evidence, it could also easily be something else. Finding elusive fossils on Sulawesi, according to Professor Brumm, would be the team's "dream discovery". "These new stone tools from Sulawesi are another important piece of the puzzle, but there are many more pieces that remain undiscovered," he said.
